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WordPress Multisite is a powerful, yet hidden, core WordPress feature that enables you to create an entire network of sites powered by a single WordPress installation.
In some situations, it can offer you a much more efficient and efficient way to manage multiple WordPress sites.
But WordPress Multisite can be a bit complicated and requires special considerations, which is why we're here to help you with this huge WordPress Multisite tutorial.
There is a lot to cover, so let's start by answering the question 'what is WordPress Multisite?
What is WordPress Multisite?
En 2010 se introdujo un algorithm avanzado en WordPress que permitió a los usuarios crear más de 1000 sitios a partir de una instalación de WordPress. Lo bueno del multisitio de WordPress es que el panel de administración es casi exactamente igual que una instalación normal de WordPress. Esto significa que puedes administrar el contents, el diseño y la funcionalidad de cada sitio Web de WordPress que posees desde un solo panel.
En pocas palabras, un único server de WordPress gestiona todos sus sitios web de WordPress. Esto le impide iniciar sesión en diferentes sitios web de WordPress para administrar un sitio web en particular.
WordPress multi-sitio es particularmente popular entre las agencias que manejan una amplia gama de sitios web de WordPress. Hace que be más fácil y rápido para las agencias gestionar una plétora de sitios web de WordPress desde un único panel de control.
We will further discuss why you would and would not need a WordPress multi-site.
When setting up your own network, you can create separate websites using:
- Subfolders - for example, gowp.com/site1, gowp.com/site2, etc.
- Subdomains - for example, site1.gowp.com, site2.gowp.com, etc.
- Separate domains - for example, site1.com, site2.com, etc. (this requires some tweaking, though, which we'll cover in the WordPress Multisite tutorial later).
Regardless, instead of creating a separate WordPress installation for each site, all web sites will use the same WordPress installation, database, plugins, and themes. This makes administration more efficient, especially if your network sites are similar in nature and needs.
Como administrador de la red, obtendrá un nuevo rol de Username de Super Admin que le permitirá administrar cada uno de los sitios de la red. A pesar de todo, al mismo tiempo podrá crear administradores independientes para cada sitio de red individual.
How do I use WordPress Multisite?
Bueno, cubriremos los detalles más adelante en este post, pero aquí hay un breve resumen de cómo usar WordPress Multisite.
To get started, you just have to create a new WordPress installation as you would for a single WordPress site.
Later, you will need to make some adjustments to your wp-config.php file to enable WordPress Multisite. After that, you can run the Multisite configuration tool from your WordPress dashboard to finish things off.
From there, you will be able to manage your entire network from a new network administration control panel, which looks like the normal WordPress administration control panel, but has a completely new set of options.
Difference between WordPress and WordPress Multisite?
While the WordPress installation is the same, there are a few minor differences between the two. There are three main distinctions between a normal WordPress installation and a WordPress Multisite:
- Administration screens
- Multisite files
- Database
Administration screens
As soon as you install WordPress multisite, you will see some screens added to your admin panel. These screens are useful when you need to manage your multisite network. The following screenshot shows the admin screen after you have installed multisite WordPress.
This administration screen or the control panel is only accessible to the Super Admin, the one who manages the WordPress multisite network. This screen allows the super administrator to install plugins and themes and manage different websites on the network.
Other administrators can access their own WordPress websites, but they can perform limited operations. As an example, site administrators can enable or disable plugins on their website, but cannot add or remove them.
Multisite files
Two WordPress files are different on the WordPress multisite:
wp-config.php
wp-loads
The wp-config.php file contains some additional lines that activate the WordPress multisite. These lines at the same time indicate how the multisite network is operating.
The wp-uploads folder will contain subfolders of all WordPress sites on the multisite network. Websites are added and classified based on the numeric ID of the site and its name. Any updates made to that site are uploaded to that site's folder.
These files are folders that are managed by WordPress so you don't have to worry about it.
WordPress database
The WordPress multi-site database is different from a normal WordPress database. A standard WordPress database contains 11 tables to store your site content and other data.
In a multi-site database, 9 of these 11 tables are duplicated for each site you add to the network. So if you have many websites on your multi-site network, you will have many tables in your database.
When to use WordPress Multisite
Multi-site WordPress may sound exciting, but it's not for everyone. Here are some of the best use cases for a multisite network.
Education
An educational institute may have several websites that operate under a single network. A perfect example is a university that has a portal that facilitates its faculty. Faculty members can upload student study plans, grades, and attendance on that portal. At the same time, there is a portal dedicated to students. Students can view their results, calendar, syllabus, and other necessary resources. Another web entity could be the official university website.
All of them are owned by the university and can be effectively implemented through a multi-site WordPress network.
WordPress Multisite is a great option when you are building a network of sites that everyone they will have identical functionality. Some examples are:
- A business with a separate website for each physical location
- A real estate agency with a separate website for each agent
- A Intranet en la que cada departamento de una compañía tiene su propio sitio web
- A university with a separate website for each department
- A briefcase o un escaparate de demostraciones (As an example, many WordPress theme companies use WordPress Multisite to handle demo sites for individual themes)
In all of these situations, WordPress Multisite enables you to benefit from having separate sites while making it much easier to manage all of your sites since all sites will have identical functionality (and need similar plugins / themes).
At the same time, WordPress Multisite is the tool for the job if you want to let others persons create your own sites on your network, like your own niche version of WordPress.com.
This is ideal for as an example:
Media
The media has a lot of content that they share through different websites. They can use multi-site WordPress for their news feeds, sports websites, and regional websites. These websites can be easily managed through a multi-site network.
The BBC currently operates on a multi-site WordPress network. The British news agency has a separate website for each of its programs and is managed through a WordPress multisite.
Agencies
As previously mentioned in the article, WordPress multisite is very popular with agencies. Typically, agencies have multiple subsites running under their name. All of these websites can be managed through a single multi-site network.
Hotels
Hotels with branches around the world create specific regional websites with content that caters to people in that particular area. These regional websites offer localized information, while the main website is for hospitality, features, and other generic information.
In the same way as a university, hotel management can create two different portals, one for internal management and the other for external management. The internal management can keep a record of data such as cleaning, staffing and training, while the external management can keep a record of a number of guests, services, etc.
A quick tune-up on aspects under the influence of WordPress Multisite
We don't mean to get too bogged down in the technicalities of WordPress Multisite, but it's important to quickly cover how WordPress Multisite works when it comes to uploading files and databases.
See, if you created multiple separate WordPress installations, each installation would get its own separate database.
Regardless, with WordPress Multisite, all your web sites share the same database. To achieve this, WordPress will duplicate certain tables for each site on the web.
Beyond the structure of the database, at the same time there is the question of file uploads for each site on the network.
With a single WordPress site, WordPress stores the uploaded files in the wp-uploads folder. WordPress Multisite at the same time stores files there, but will add a subfolder for each website.
When not to use WordPress Multisite
So far, we have discussed what exactly WordPress multisite is, how it differs from a standard WordPress, and when should we use it. Now let's take a look at why you shouldn't use WordPress multisite.
You don't plan to create more than one WordPress website
So far we have made it clear that WordPress multisite is for users managing multiple WordPress websites. So if you're working with a single site, you don't need a multi-site network.
Websites in your network want to be hosted by different hosting providers
Even if you are managing multiple websites on your network, but they are hosted by different providers, you cannot run multisite WordPress. This is one of the drawbacks of a multisite network. Create an environment identical to a shared server. So if your clients' websites are hosted by different providers, multi-site is not for you.
Websites on your multisite network would need a separate, more secure database
Suppose you have e-commerce websites on your network that are sensitive to your customer information. Credit card numbers, home addresses, and phone numbers are examples of data that need more security.
These websites would need a separate database with more security, which is not possible on a WordPress multisite network.
Your hosting provider is not suitable for WordPress multisite
Later in this article, we will discuss how a good hosting provider is essential for running a WordPress multisite. So if your hosting provider is untrustworthy or has high downtimes, then you should switch to better web hosting or you should not use multi-site WordPress.
Site administrators on their network want control over websites
As previously mentioned in the article, the super administrator has most of the control over all the websites on the multisite network. The right to add or delete plugins rests with the super administrator, so site owners can only activate or deactivate plugins on their respective sites.
If site owners demand more control over their sites, then you should move them to separate WordPress installations and not use a multi-site network.
Some other reasons why WordPress Multisite is not for you
- You will have to move your sites to another server (which can be done but is easier than for a standard site, and can be avoided entirely if all you need are separate domains).
- You do not have access to the files on your server to edit them.
- Cada sitio necesitará su propia IP adress.
- Super Small Networks - If you only have 3-4 sites, you will probably want to use a tool like InfiniteWP, ManageWP or MainWP to manage single site installations from a unified control panel.
- Gestión de sitios de clientes – mientras que algunos profesionales independientes abogan por el uso de Multisite para sitios de clientes, un gran problema potencial es que todos los sitios de sus clientes comparten la misma base de datos. Esto no sólo causa problemas de seguridad/privacidad, sino que al mismo tiempo es una molestia exportar un solo sitio si su client desea abandonarlo en el futuro. Una vez más, una herramienta como InfiniteWP o ManageWP es probablemente una mejor opción para administrar sitios de clientes.
- A large network, but completely different - if you have a large network, but the sites share little or nothing identically in terms of themes, plugins, etc., you may want to keep them as separate installations rather than trying to fit them all those disparate capabilities in a single multi-site network.
- Diferente uso de recursos – si usted tiene un sitio de red que usa una tonelada de recursos, eso afectará a todos los otros sitios de red, incluso si esos sitios usan muy pocos recursos. La separación de los sitios de alto traffic le posibilita crear un entorno de alojamiento más optimizado tanto para los sitios de alto tráfico como para los de bajo tráfico.
How to set up WordPress Multisite: Step-by-step guide
Now that you know what WordPress Multisite is and if it is right for your situation, let's find out how to configure WordPress Multisite.
Here's a high-level look at the steps you'll take in this tutorial:
- Create a new WordPress installation
- Enable Multisite in the wp-config.php file
- Run the network configuration tool
- Add some code snippets to the wp-config.php and .htaccess files
Step 1: Create a new WordPress installation
To start with, you will want to create a clean new WordPress installation for your Multisite network, You can add Multisite to an existing site, but it's easier to avoid it if possible.
You can use any method that you would regularly use to install WordPress for a single site. As an example, your host's auto-installer is completely fine.
Step 2: Enable WordPress Multisite in wp-config.php
While WordPress Multisite is a core WordPress feature, it is not enabled by default. To activate it, you need to add a line to your wp-config.php file.
Para ello, utilice FTP or cPanel File Manager para editar su archivo wp-config.php. Entonces, encuentra esta línea:
/ * That's it, stop editing! Happy posting. * /
And add the following code snippet above that line:
/* Multisite */define
('WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true);
This is how it looks in cPanel's File Manager:
Step 3: Run the network configuration tool
Now, open the WordPress control panel for your site (or update it if you already have it open).
Then go to Tools → Network Settings (with the previous step, you made this area available):
Now, you will have to make some decisions.
En primer lugar, elegirá la estructura de Url para los sitios individuales de su red. Tienes dos opciones:
- Subdominios* – cada sitio obtiene su propio subdomain – p.ej. site1.multisiteexample.com
- Subdirectories - each site is in its own folder - for example multisiteexample.com/site1
*If you choosesubdomainsyou will have to take an extra step to make things work. We'll talk about that in a second.
If you want to use separate domains for each site - at the same time known as domain mapping - choose the subdirectories option for now - we'll cover the process of using domain mapping later.
Think very carefully about this option because you cannot change it later. There is no right or wrong answer - it really depends on your preferences:
Below this, you can choose the Network Title and Network Administrator Email.
Once you've made your choices, click Install:
Step 4: Add code snippets to the wp-config.php and .htaccess files
On the next screen, WordPress will give you two different code snippets:
You need to add the first code snippet to your wp-config.php file. Add it just below the code snippet you added in Step 2:
Later, add the second code snippet to your site's .htaccess file. Replace any code between the BEGIN WordPress and END WordPress sections:
After that, you will need to log into your WordPress dashboard again. Then you should see the WordPress Multi-Site Network admin control panel:
We'll show you how to use this dashboard in a second, but first, we need to cover a bit of cleanup in case you decide to use subdomains for your web sites.
If you use subdomains, add a Wildcard DNS rule
This step only applies if you choose to use subdomains for your network. In other words - site1.multisiteexample.com.
Para que los subdominios funcionen, debe configurar algo llamado registro DNS comodín en el host. Esto posibilita que WordPress utilice dinámicamente subdominios para cada sitio de red.
If your host uses cPanel, the process is pretty straightforward.
Open your cPanel control panel and find the Subdomains option:
Posteriormente, elija el nombre de domain para su instalación base de WordPress Multisite desde el menú desplegable, agregue un asterisco (*) al campo Subdominio y haga clic en Crear:
If your host does not use cPanel, we recommend that you contact your host's support for assistance.
How to Add Websites to Your WordPress Multi-Site Network
From your WordPress admin panel, navigate to «My Sites »→« Network Admin »→« Sites»
Click on Add new and enter the information of your new website that you want to add to your multisite network and click Add Site.
Through this operation, you can simultaneously view all your current websites on your WordPress multi-site network.
WordPress Multisite Best Practices
Once you've installed a WordPress multi-site network, there are some best practices to follow. These best practices are essential if you want your multisite network to run smoothly.
Do I need a special WordPress Multisite hosting?
There are no special requirements for hosting WordPress Multisite and most of the times you can use WordPress Multisite on any host that allows you to host WordPress.
Regardless, remember that you are creating a network of sites. This way, even if you are technically only using "one" WordPress installation, each site will have its own data and will receive its own traffic.
As a consequence, it is likely to use more resources and you may want to get more than just cheap accommodation.
Beyond that, there are still a few things to consider.
En primer lugar, algunos hosts administrados de WordPress le cobrarán extra por usar WordPress Multisite. A modo de ejemplo, si desea utilizar WordPress Multisite en los niveles de alojamiento más baratos de Flywheel, tendrá que pagar un extra de 10 dólares al mes (it's free at the highest levels):
Second, some managed WordPress hosts offer you a one-click installation tool for WordPress Multisite.
Take regular backups
Managing a single WordPress website is much simpler than managing a number of websites on a multisite network. As an example, the frequency of backups for a single site can be 3-4 times a week, but for a network with multiple sites, it should not be less than at least once a day. Your network is critical because it contains a database of multiple websites.
Keep your plugins and themes up to date
En los últimos tiempos hemos visto WordPress en el centro de las vulnerabilidades de seguridad y ataques. Una de las principales razones de esto fueron los temas y plugins obsoletos. Con una red multi-sitio, es aún más crucial actualizar sus temas y plugins debido a que están siendo utilizados en múltiples sitios web. Un plugin obsoleto es una amenaza de seguridad no sólo para un sitio web de WordPress sino para toda la red multi-sitio de WordPress.
Have a single super administrator on the WPMU network
By default, WordPress has five user roles, which control what individual users can and cannot do when they log into WordPress.
WordPress Multisite adds a sixth user role - Super Admin.
The Super Admin can manage each of the sites on the Multisite network and choose the themes and plugins available.
For obvious security reasons, it is best to give WordPress multi-site access to a single super administrator. The more people who have access to your multisite network, the greater the security threat.
Each individual network site at the same time has a regular Admin user. Regardless, these regular admins have less power than they would with WordPress single site.
As an example, normal administrators cannot install new themes or plugins.
Secure your access to WordPress Multisite with brute force protection
Trabajar con WordPress significa que su sitio web es siempre un target para los ataques de malware y fuerza bruta. Asegúrate de que tienes un inicio de sesión de WordPress protegido contra ataques de fuerza bruta debido a que una sola violación puede comprometer a todos los sitios web de la red.
How themes and plugins work in WordPress Multisite
With WordPress Multisite, you can continue to install themes and plugins as you would with a single site installation. Regardless, there are some differences.
First of all, only super administrators can install new plugins and themes. Individual network sites cannot install their own plugins and themes.
When you install new plugins and themes, you are basically defining the set of themes and plugins that are available to individual website administrators.
Then you can do it:
- Give individual network sites the option of whether or not to activate a plugin or theme
- Force activation of themes or plugins for all network sites
We'll show you how this works in more detail later.
As for WordPress Multisite plugin compatibility, many normal WordPress plugins should work with WordPress Multisite. Regardless, not all plugins are guaranteed to work.
If possible, you'll want to look for plugins that specifically mention Multisite support. Or, be sure to test the plugins on a staging site before running them on an active multisite network.
Use plugins compatible with WordPress Multisite
There are many plugins that are essential for a WordPress website, but before using them on your multi-site network, make sure they are compatible with WPMU. Only compatible plugins will ensure that your network runs smoothly and without interruptions.
WordPress Domain Mapping Guide (Optional)
Now that we've shown you how the WordPress Multisite Network Admin dashboard works, let's go back to the concept of domain mapping we've mentioned a few times.
If you need an update, domain mapping is when you give a website its own separate domain name, rather than a subdomain or subdirectory.
Once again - this WordPress Multisite domain mapping tutorial is 100% optional. Yes you are not planning to use domain mapping, click here to skip this section and learn more about useful WordPress Multisite plugins.
Previously, domain mapping was a complicated topic that required a separate plugin. Regardless, as of WordPress 4.5, domain mapping is now built into the core and easier to configure from within WordPress, although the other glitches can be a bit tricky.
Let's say your main WordPress Multisite installation is multisiteexample.club and you want to add a new website at coolblog.com.
Step 1: Configure the site address in the network administrator's control panel.
To get started, go to Sites → Add New.
Here, you will be forced to add the URL of the site according to your network settings. Write anything in that box - it doesn't matter right now. Be sure to fill in the other details at the same time. Then click Add Site:
Now go to the Sites area and edit the site you just created:
Now, you will be able to edit the entire Site Address (URL) field. Enter the stand-alone domain name you want to use and click Save Changes:
Step 2: Point the domain to your host's name servers
Next, you need to configure it so that the separate domain name - coolblog.com for this example - directs visitors to the WordPress website.
You will do it on your host and in the place where you registered the domain name.
First, you must update the domain name servers to point to your host.
To do this, you will need to obtain the name servers from your host. You can usually find this in your hosting control panel, but you can contact your host's support if you can't:
Next, you need to go to the place where you registered the domain name and edit the domain name servers to point to your host's name servers. Here are some tutorials for the most popular domain registrars:
Step 3: Add domain aliases
Lastly, you must add the domain as an alias on the host. This is what enables you to connect the domain to WordPress Multisite.
Unfortunately, this operation is up to your host. Sometimes it is quite simple, while other times it can be quite technical.
As an example, at Kinsta, it's as simple as adding the domain through the Kinsta control panel:
While other hosts require different levels of detail. As an example, some cPanel installations have a built-in tool for Alias domains, while the cPanel on SiteGround does not.
Honestly, if you're not sure how your host handles it, the best thing to do here is to contact him and ask him to help you set up a domain alias.
Useful WordPress Multisite Plugins to Expand Your Network
In addition to the usual plugins that you can use on your network, there are also WordPress Multisite plugins specifically created to help you add new functionality to your network and / or manage your network more effectively.
Here are some of the best WordPress Multisite plugins to extend your network ...
Multi-site enhancements
As the name suggests, Multisite Enhancements adds a number of enhancements to Super Admins to help manage your Multisite network.
You'll get some useful new dashboard data, more menu options, and a few other tweaks.
Multisite Toolbar Additions
Another appropriately named plugin, Multisite Toolbar Additions, gives Super Administrators access to handy new functionality in the WordPress admin toolbar.
User change
User Switching is a very practical plugin that allows you to quickly switch between different WordPress user accounts without having to log in or out or use an Incognito tab. This is useful to experiment with how different users view your Multisite network (for example, Super Admin vs Admin).
MultiSite Clone Duplicator
MultiSite Clone Duplicator enables you to quickly duplicate an individual network site. Basically, you can use it to create a "master" network site and then clone it as many times as necessary.
Multi-site shared sidebar
Multisite Shared Sidebar enables separate network sites to share the same sidebar. This is really useful if, as an example, you are creating separate network sites for different store locations.
WP security audit log
The WP Security Audit Log is not specific to WordPress Multisite, but it is useful for keeping track of what is happening on your network.
Basically, it enables you to record important actions so that you can keep an eye out for any suspicious or malicious activity on your network.
Multisite plugin manager
Multisite Plugin Manager gives you more control over the plugins on your network. You can choose which plugins will be automatically activated for new blogs, assign special plugin permission rules for individual network sites, and much more.
Installation and activation of plugins
The Plugins area of the Network Manager enables you to perform similar actions for plugins. That's it:
- You can install the plugins as you would regularly by going to Plugins → Add New
- You need to Activate them in Network so that they live in your network
Regardless, at the same time there are some differences.
With themes, Network Enable puts the subject available to individual sites, but it doesn't force them to use a specific theme.
Regardless, when you activate a plugin on the web, you are forcing it to be active on each of the web sites.
As an example, if we install and network the Elementor page generator plugin:
It is then automatically activated on every single site on the network - the individual site owner has no choice in the matter:
Regardless, there is another way to handle it.
If you enabled the plugin administration menu in the network settings:
So individual site owners can choose whether or not to activate certain plugins.
Here is an example.
Suppose you install two plugins from the network administrator control panel:
- Elementor - installed and network activated
- WPForms Lite - installed but not network enabled
Now Elementor is automatically still active on all sites on the web. Regardless, individual network site administrators can use their own Plugins area to choose whether or not to activate WPForms Lite:
Essentially, you can:
- Be a dictator and control exactly which plugins are active on each site
- Let individual network site administrators choose which plugins to activate on their individual sites
- Mix and match the two to force some plugins to be active, while giving users the ability to choose between other plugins.
How to use the WordPress Multisite Network Admin Dashboard control panel
Now that you have configured WordPress Multisite, we are going to cover how to use your new Super Admin privileges in the network administrator control panel.
While helping you manage your network, this is where you can at the same time set up WordPress Multisite domain mapping, which we'll show you after we give you a tour.
A quick tour of the WordPress Multisite Network Admin
El panel de control del administrador de red es donde usted administrará su red. Se parece mucho al dashboard normal de WordPress – sólo que con diferentes opciones.
You can access it by visiting yoursite.com/wp-admin/network/.
Next, you will use the menu options in the sidebar to manage your network:
Configuring the basic network settings
First, you will need to configure some basic options for your network, such as whether or not guests can register and create their own sites.
To access these settings, go to Settings → Network Settings.
In the Registry Settings section, you can choose:
- Whether or not the registration of new users is possible
- If those users can create their own sites
At the same time you can choose smaller settings below that:
Más adelante, la Configuración de nuevo sitio le posibilita configurar los valores predeterminados para cada nuevo sitio de red. A modo de ejemplo, puedes cambiar el texto de la entrada de Blog predeterminada «Hello World!
And at the bottom, you can configure some other miscellaneous features, like the amount of upload space each network site receives:
Here, the option Enable admin menus is an important option. If you check the box for Plugins, individual network site administrators will be able to view the Plugins area and manually enable or disable certain plugins (you can choose which plugins have control over - more on this in a second).
No matter what you choose, individual site administrators cannot install their own plugins.
Managing and adding network sites
The Sites tab enables you to view a list of all your network sites and manually add new network sites.
When you first install WordPress Multisite, you only have one site - your main WordPress installation:
To add a new site, go to Sites → Add New.
Here, you can do it:
- Choose the URL (according to your URL structure preferences)
- Configure basic items such as title, language and administrator email
If a user with the admin email does not exist, WordPress will create one automatically:
Once you add a site, you can edit it to see more options, such as its settings, users, and themes:
Installing and activating themes
To install new themes on your Multisite network, use the Themes area.
The installation of a theme consists of two parts:
- Actual Installation - You can install a theme the same way you would a single site WordPress installation
- Enable network - this allows individual network site administrators to choose the theme
As an example, let's say you want to install the Astra theme on your network.
First of all, you need to go to Themes → Add new and install the theme:
Regardless, if we were to switch to a regular administrative user on a website, you can see that individual site administrators cannot activate Astra on their website yet:
To make the Astra theme available as an option for all network sites, it must be enabled from the Themes area of your network administrator:
Once this is done, individual site administrators can now choose the Astra theme for their website.
Wrapping it all up
Multi-site WordPress is a popular WordPress feature that has not only made managing multiple websites easy, but is also easy to set up. It's even easier when setting up multisite WordPress on a WordPress managed cloud hosting solution like Cloudways.
If you have any questions about the WordPress multisite, feel free to leave a comment.
With this, we have reached the end of our WordPress Multisite guide.
WordPress Multisite isn't the right tool for all situations involving multiple WordPress sites, but if your needs match what WordPress Multisite offers, it can offer a much simpler way to manage and run a network of WordPress sites.
Finally, if you want a partner to help you manage your network of sites, our team of expert WordPress engineers are available 24/7 to make sure your network is running smoothly.
