Recetas de galletas SameSite - R Marketing Digital

Table des matières

Actualice las cookies de su sitio para prepararse para los próximos cambios en el comportamiento del atributo SameSite.

30 de oct de 2019
Mise à jour 28 mai 2020

Il apparaît dans:
Sûr et sécurisé

Chrome,
Firefox,
Bord, y otros cambiarán su comportamiento predeterminado de acuerdo con la iniciativa de IETF,
Cookies cada vez mejores
por lo tanto eso:

Cookies sin SameSite El atributo se tratará como SameSite=Lax, lo que significa que el comportamiento predeterminado será restringir las cookies a contextos propios seul.
Cookies para uso entre sitios devrait especificar SameSite=None; Secure para permitir la inclusión en el contexto de terceros.

Esta característica es la comportamiento predeterminado desde Chrome 84 estable en adelante. Si todavía no lo ha hecho, debe actualizar los atributos de sus cookies de terceros para que no se bloqueen en el futuro.

Compatibilidad con muchos navegadores

Voir le
Compatibilité du navigateur
sección de MDN Set-Cookie

page.

Casos de uso para cookies entre sitios o de terceros

Hay una serie de casos de uso y patrones comunes en los que las cookies deben enviarse en un contexto de terceros. Si proporciona o depende de uno de estos casos de uso, asegúrese de que usted o el proveedor estén actualizando sus cookies para asegurar que el servicio continúe funcionando correctamente.

Contenido dentro de un </code> <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h3> <p>Contenido de un sitio distinto que se muestra en una <code><iframe></code> está en un contexto de terceros. Los casos de uso estándar aquí son:</p> <ul> <li>Contenido incrustado compartido desde otros sitios, como videos, mapas, ejemplos de código y publicaciones sociales.</li> <li>Widgets de servicios externos como pagos, calendarios, reserva y funcionalidad de reserva.</li> <li>Widgets como botones sociales o servicios antifraude que crean menos obvios<br /> <code><iframes></code>.</li> </ul> <p>Las cookies se pueden usar aquí para, entre otras cosas, mantener el estado de la sesión, almacenar preferencias generales, habilitar estadísticas o personalizar contenido para usuarios con cuentas existentes.</p> <figure class="w-figure"> <img width="468" height="383" alt='iframe-1779797' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20468%20383'%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="max-width: 35vw;" data-lazy-src="https://rmarketingdigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iframe-1779797.png"><noscript><img width="468" height="383" alt='iframe-1779797' src='https://rmarketingdigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/iframe-1779797.png' style="max-width: 35vw;"></noscript><figcaption class="w-figcaption"> <p> Si el contenido incrustado no proviene del mismo sitio que el contexto de navegación de nivel superior, es contenido de terceros.<br /> </figcaption></figure> <p>Al mismo tiempo, puesto que la web es intrínsecamente componible, <code><iframes></code> se usan para incrustar contenido que además se visualiza en un contexto de nivel superior o propio. Las cookies usadas por ese sitio se considerarán cookies de terceros cuando el sitio se muestre dentro del marco. Si está creando sitios que desea que otros incrusten fácilmente y, a la vez, confíe en las cookies para que funcionen, además deberá asegurarse de que estén marcados para el uso entre sitios o que pueda retroceder con elegancia sin ellos.</p> <h3 id='"unsafe"-requests-across-sites'><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Solicitudes-%C2%ABinseguras%C2%BB-en-todos-los-sitios"></span>Solicitudes «inseguras» en todos los sitios <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h3> <p>Aunque «inseguro» puede parecer un poco preocupante aquí, esto se refiere a cualquier solicitud que pueda tener la intención de cambiar de estado. En la web, son principalmente solicitudes POST. Cookies marcadas como <code>SameSite=Lax</code> se enviará en navegaciones seguras de nivel superior, a modo de ejemplo, al hacer un clic en un link para ir a un sitio distinto. No obstante, algo como un<br /> <code></code> el envío a través de POST a un sitio distinto no incluiría cookies.</p> <figure class="w-figure"> <img width="719" height="382" alt='safe-navigation-5952143' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20719%20382'%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="max-width: 35vw;" data-lazy-src="https://rmarketingdigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/safe-navigation-5952143.png"><noscript><img width="719" height="382" alt='safe-navigation-5952143' src='https://rmarketingdigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/safe-navigation-5952143.png' style="max-width: 35vw;"></noscript><figcaption class="w-figcaption"> <p> Si la solicitud entrante usa un método «seguro», se enviarán las cookies.<br /> </figcaption></figure> <p>Este patrón se usa para sitios que pueden redirigir al usuario a un servicio remoto para realizar alguna operación antes de regresar, a modo de ejemplo, redirigir a un proveedor de identidad de terceros. Antes de que el usuario abandone el sitio, se define una cookie que contiene un token de un solo uso con la expectativa de que este token se pueda verificar en la solicitud de retorno para mitigar<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html" data-wpel-link="external">Falsificación de solicitud entre sitios (CSRF)</a><br /> Ataques Si esa solicitud de devolución llega a través de POST, será necesario marcar las cookies como <code>SameSite=None; Secure</code>.</p> <h3 id="remote-resources"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Recursos-remotos"></span>Recursos remotos <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h3> <p>Cualquier recurso remoto en una página puede depender de las cookies que se enviarán con una solicitud, desde <code><img></code> etiquetas, <code></code> etiquetas, etc. Los casos de uso comunes incluyen el seguimiento de píxeles y la personalización de contenido.</p> <p>Esto además se aplica a las solicitudes iniciadas desde su JavaScript por <code>aller chercher</code> ou<br /> <code>XMLHttpRequest</code>. Oui <code>aller chercher ()</code> se llama con el<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch#Sending_a_request_with_credentials_included" data-wpel-link="external"><code>credentials: 'include'</code> option</a><br /> esto es un buen indicio de que se pueden esperar cookies en esas solicitudes. por <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> debe buscar instancias de la<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/withCredentials" data-wpel-link="external"><code>withCredentials</code> propiedad</a><br /> siendo configurado en <code>vrai</code>. Esta es una buena indicación de que se pueden esperar cookies en esas solicitudes. Esas cookies deberán estar debidamente marcadas para que se incluyan en las solicitudes entre sitios.</p> <h3 id="content-within-a-webview"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Contenido-dentro-de-un-WebView"></span>Contenido dentro de un WebView <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h3> <p>Un WebView en una aplicación nativa funciona con un navegador y deberá probar si se aplican las mismas restricciones o problemas. En Android, si WebView funciona con Chrome, los nuevos valores predeterminados <strong>je ne le ferai pas</strong> ser aplicados inmediatamente con Chrome 84. No obstante, la intención es aplicarlos en el futuro, por lo que todavía debe probar y prepararse para ello. Al mismo tiempo, Android posibilita que las aplicaciones nativas establezcan cookies de forma directa a través del<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/webkit/CookieManager" data-wpel-link="external">API de CookieManager</a>. Del mismo modo que con las cookies configuradas a través de encabezados o JavaScript, considere incluir<br /> <code>SameSite=None; Secure</code> si están destinados a un uso entre sitios.</p> <h2 id="how-to-implement-samesite-today"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Como-poner-en-practica-SameSite-hoy"></span>Cómo poner en práctica <code>SameSite</code> hoy <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2> <p>Para las cookies en las que solo se necesitan en un contexto propio, lo ideal es marcarlas como <code>SameSite=Lax</code> ou <code>SameSite=Strict</code> dependiendo de sus necesidades. Además puede elegir por no hacer nada y permitir que el navegador aplique su valor predeterminado, pero esto implica el riesgo de un comportamiento incoherente entre los navegadores y posibles advertencias de la consola para cada cookie.</p> <p><web-copy-code></p> <pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">Set-Cookie: first_party_var=value; SameSite=Lax</code></pre> <p></web-copy-code></p> <p>Para las cookies imprescindibles en un contexto de terceros, deberá asegurarse de que estén marcadas como <code>SameSite=None; Secure</code>. Tenga en cuenta que requiere ambos atributos juntos. Si solo especificas <code>None</code> sans pour autant <code>Secure</code> la cookie será rechazada. No obstante, existen algunas diferencias mutuamente incompatibles en las implementaciones del navegador, por lo que es viable que deba usar algunas de las estrategias de mitigación descritas en Manejo de clientes incompatibles a continuación.</p> <p><web-copy-code></p> <pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">Set-Cookie: third_party_var=value; SameSite=None; Secure</code></pre> <p></web-copy-code></p> <h3 id="handling-incompatible-clients"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Manejo-de-clientes-incompatibles"></span>Manejo de clientes incompatibles <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h3> <p>Como estos cambios para incluir <code>None</code> y el comportamiento predeterminado de la actualización es relativamente nuevo, existen inconsistencias entre los navegadores con respecto a cómo se manejan estos cambios. Puede consultar el<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://www.chromium.org/updates/same-site/incompatible-clients" data-wpel-link="external">página de actualizaciones en chromium.org</a><br /> para los problemas conocidos en este momento, no obstante, no es viable decir si es exhaustivo. Aunque esto no es ideal, existen soluciones alternativas que puede emplear durante esta etapa de transición. No obstante, la norma general es tratar a los clientes incompatibles como un caso especial. No cree una excepción para los navegadores que implementan las reglas más nuevas.</p> <p>La primera opción es configurar las cookies de estilo nuevo y antiguo:</p> <p><web-copy-code></p> <pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">Set-cookie: 3pcookie=value; SameSite=None; Secure<br>Set-cookie: 3pcookie-legacy=value; Secure</code></pre> <p></web-copy-code></p> <p>Los navegadores que implementen el comportamiento más nuevo establecerán la cookie con el <code>SameSite</code><br /> valor, mientras que otros navegadores pueden ignorarlo o configurarlo incorrectamente. No obstante, esos mismos navegadores establecerán el <code>3pcookie-legacy</code> Galleta. Al procesar las cookies incluidas, el sitio debe verificar primero la presencia de la nueva cookie de estilo y, si no se encuentra, después recurrir a la cookie heredada.</p> <p>El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo hacer esto en Node.js, haciendo uso de la<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://expressjs.com" data-wpel-link="external">Marco expreso</a> Et c'est<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/cookie-parser" data-wpel-link="external">analizador de cookies</a> middleware.</p> <p><web-copy-code></p> <pre class="language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> express <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">exiger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'express'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br><span class="token keyword">const</span> cp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">exiger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'cookie-parser'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br><span class="token keyword">const</span> appli <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">express</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br>appli<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">cp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><p>appli<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/set'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bœuf</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><br>bœuf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">cookie</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'3pcookie'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'value'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> sameSite<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'none'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> secure<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">vrai</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br>bœuf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">cookie</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'3pcookie-legacy'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'value'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> secure<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">vrai</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br>bœuf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">finir</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></p><p>appli<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bœuf</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><br><span class="token keyword">laisser</span> cookieVal <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">nul</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></p><p><span class="token keyword">si</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>biscuits<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'3pcookie'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><br>cookieVal <span class="token operator">=</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>biscuits<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'3pcookie'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">si</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>biscuits<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'3pcookie-legacy'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><br>cookieVal <span class="token operator">=</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>biscuits<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'3pcookie-legacy'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br><span class="token punctuation">}</span></p><p>bœuf<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">finir</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><br><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></p><p>appli<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Ecoutez</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">PORT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></p></code></pre> <p></web-copy-code></p> <p>La desventaja es que esto conlleva configurar cookies redundantes para cubrir todos los navegadores y necesita realizar cambios tanto en el punto de configuración como en la lectura de la cookie. No obstante, este enfoque debería cubrir todos los navegadores independientemente de su comportamiento y asegurar que las cookies de terceros sigan funcionando como antes.</p> <p>Alternativamente en el momento de enviar el <code>Set-Cookie</code> encabezado, puede optar detectar el cliente a través de la cadena de agente de usuario. Referirse a<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://www.chromium.org/updates/same-site/incompatible-clients" data-wpel-link="external">lista de clientes incompatibles</a><br /> y después hacer uso de una biblioteca apropiada para su plataforma, a modo de ejemplo<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/ua-parser-js" data-wpel-link="external">ua-parser-js</a> biblioteca en Node.js. Es aconsejable hallar una biblioteca para manejar la detección de agentes de usuario, puesto que probablemente no desee escribir esas expresiones regulares usted mismo.</p> <p>El beneficio de este enfoque es que solo necesita realizar un cambio en el momento de configurar la cookie. No obstante, la advertencia necesaria aquí es que el rastreo de agentes de usuario es intrínsecamente frágil y puede que no atrape a todos los usuarios afectados.</p> <div class="w-aside w-aside--note"> <p>Independientemente de la opción que elija, es recomendable asegurarse de tener una forma de registrar los niveles de tráfico que pasan por la ruta heredada. Asegúrese de tener un recordatorio o alerta para borrar esta solución una vez que esos niveles caigan por debajo de un umbral aceptable para su sitio.</p> </div> <h2 id="support-for-samesitenone-in-languages-libraries-and-frameworks"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Apoyo-para-SameSiteNone-en-lenguajes-bibliotecas-y-marcos"></span>Apoyo para <code>SameSite=None</code> en lenguajes, bibliotecas y marcos <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2> <p>La mayoría de idiomas y bibliotecas admiten la <code>SameSite</code> atributo para cookies, no obstante, la adición de <code>SameSite=None</code> es relativamente nuevo, lo que significa que es viable que deba arreglar algunos de los comportamientos estándar por ahora. Estos están documentados en el<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/samesite-examples" data-wpel-link="external"><code>SameSite</code> ejemplos de repositorio en GitHub</a>.</p> <h2 id="getting-help"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Obteniendo-ayuda"></span>Obteniendo ayuda <span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2> <p>Las cookies están por todas partes y es raro que un sitio haya auditado por completo dónde se configuran y utilizan, fundamentalmente una vez que agregas casos de uso entre sitios. Cuando se encuentra con un obstáculo, puede ser la primera vez que alguien lo encuentra, por lo tanto no dude en comunicarse:</p> <p><em>Imagen de Cookie Hero por<br /> Cayla1<br /> au<br /> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" target="_self" href="https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText" data-wpel-link="external">Unsplash</a></em></p> <p> <web-feedback additional-questions="api"></web-feedback> </div> <div id="ez-toc-container" class="ez-toc-v2_0_67_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction"> <div class="ez-toc-title-container"> <p class="ez-toc-title" >Table des matières</p> <span class="ez-toc-title-toggle"><a href="#" class="ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle" aria-label="Toggle Table of Content"><span class="ez-toc-js-icon-con"><span class=""><span class="eztoc-hide" style="display:none;">Toggle</span><span class="ez-toc-icon-toggle-span"><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="list-377408" width="20px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" class="arrow-unsorted-368013" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10px" height="10px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.2" baseprofile="tiny"><path d="M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z"/></svg></span></span></span></a></span></div> <nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1" href="#Compatibilidad-con-muchos-navegadores" title="Compatibilidad con muchos navegadores ">Compatibilidad con muchos navegadores </a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2" href="#Casos-de-uso-para-cookies-entre-sitios-o-de-terceros" title="Casos de uso para cookies entre sitios o de terceros ">Casos de uso para cookies entre sitios o de terceros </a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3" href="#Contenido-dentro-de-un" title="Contenido dentro de un <iframe> ">Contenido dentro de un <iframe> </a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4" href="#Solicitudes-«inseguras»-en-todos-los-sitios" title="Solicitudes «inseguras» en todos los sitios ">Solicitudes «inseguras» en todos los sitios </a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5" href="#Recursos-remotos" title="Recursos remotos ">Recursos remotos </a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6" href="#Contenido-dentro-de-un-WebView" title="Contenido dentro de un WebView ">Contenido dentro de un WebView </a></li></ul></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7" href="#Como-poner-en-practica-SameSite-hoy" title="Cómo poner en práctica SameSite hoy ">Cómo poner en práctica SameSite hoy </a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8" href="#Manejo-de-clientes-incompatibles" title="Manejo de clientes incompatibles ">Manejo de clientes incompatibles </a></li></ul></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9" href="#Apoyo-para-SameSiteNone-en-lenguajes-bibliotecas-y-marcos" title="Apoyo para SameSite=None en lenguajes, bibliotecas y marcos ">Apoyo para SameSite=None en lenguajes, bibliotecas y marcos </a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link 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